Process Color vs. Spot Color
Printing
Process Color (CMYK) Printing
Process color printing, also known at four-color process printing, is a
method that reproduces finished full-color artwork and photographs. The three primary colors used are
cyan (process blue), magenta (process red), and yellow. These inks are
translucent and are used to simulate different colors, for example, green can be
created using cyan and yellow. The "K" in CMYK is black. Black ink is
used to create fine detail and strong shadows.
Artwork and photos are reproduced
when the colors in the artwork are separated, then halftoned (converted to
dots). Process colors are reproduced by overlapping and printing halftones
to simulate a large number of colors.
Process color printing should not be
confused with basic four-color printing, where overlays are cut for the colors,
and sheets of halftone dots are used to create other colors and patterns.
Spot Colors (PMS)
If you need to match a particular
color, perhaps a logo color, and have a limited budget, then spot color is
something to consider. Spot colors are printed with premixed inks on a printing press or screen printer. Each spot color is reproduced using a single printing plate or screen.
To ensure that a printer uses the exact color
that the designer intends, the Pantone Matching System (PMS) is used. Each PMS number references a unique spot color and these colors can be found
on a swatch chart. By using this type of numbering system, people can convey the
exact colors for a printed piece to each other without actually looking at the same samples.
It's important to remember that spot colors may not actually translate to matching process colors. Unlike process printing, which prints dots
of color, a spot color is printed at 100% and has no dot pattern. A tint is a lightened spot color or process color and is created by printing smaller dots of the base color.